Method for retarding the decay of



May 29, 1934. c. E. EVERETT HAMMER MILL Filed May 9, 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. M Eek 4M- @@K@ ATTORNEY y 1934- c. E. EVERETT 1,960,626

HAMMER MILL Filed May 9, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR.

By W

A TTORNEY Patented May 29, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HAMMER MILL Application May 9, 1932, Serial No. 610,260

2 Claims. (CI. 83-11) My invention relates to the general class of hammer mills and that particular class of mills adapted to grind grain and roughage of all kinds such as oats, corn, corn stalks, hay, and the like.

It is the intention, that the present patent shall cover by suitable expression in the appended claims, features of patentable novelty other than claimed in my divisional application, Serial No. 702,971, December 18, 1933.

The particular object of my invention is to produce a mill which is provided with novel means for discharging the ground product, consisting of a centrifugal fan and means co-operating therewith to properly control the passage of air currents and ground product under varying conditions of material being ground, and elevation to which the ground product is to be discharged, and further, to so control the feeding mechanism whereby it will co-operate with the grinding unit and discharging means, thereby co-operating successfully under all circumstances of power and requirements of service.

With these objects in view, my invention consists of certain features. Novel in construction, combination and arrangement of parts by which said objects are affected, as fully shown and described in the accompanying drawings and specifications and particularly pointed. out in the appended claims.

My invention is further concerned with novel frame units co-operating to produce a light, simple, easily and cheaply manufactured mill with suflicient strength to stand up under the severe strains to which this class of grinder is subjected.

To these and other useful ends, the invention consists in matters hereinafter set forth and claimed and shown in the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a hammer mill,

constructed in accordance'with my invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation, opposite to that shown in Fig. 1, a portion of the housings having been broken away to better disclose the relative position of the screen, hammers and means for forcing the material into the hammers;

Fig. 3 is a top plan view, indicating the relative position and size of the housing, fan and feed table;

Fig. 4 is a central vertical section of the blower, hammer cylinder and housing taken on line 4 of Fig. 1, the usual dust separator being shown in side elevation in its relative position to the blower;

Fig. 5 is a central transverse fragmentary sec-' tion taken on line 5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is an illustration showing the air control valve;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary side elevation of the grinder illustrating a novel means for driving the feed roll;

Fig. 8 is a detail fragmentary sectional view, taken on line 8 of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary section taken on line 9 of Fig. '7

Fig. 10 is a central fragmentary vertical section, taken on line 10 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary section taken on line 11 of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary section taken on line 12 of Fig. 7;

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary section taken on line 13 of Fig. 2.

Similar numerals of reference designate corresponding parts in the figures of the drawings.

By referring to the various drawings, my novel structure as illustrated will be understood as comprising a base or housing 1 an upper housing or hood 2, having a rearwardly extended trough or feed table 3, forming a unitary element pivotally mounted at 4, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2.

For the purpose of improving the strength of the hood 2, and the appearance of the mill in general, the cover wall of hood 2 is irregular in shape, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, this shape, it will be observed, provides three flat surfaces having sharp transverse bends therebetween; the front fiat surface is positioned vertically over the front wall of the lower housing and the rear fiat surface is positioned horizontally a considerable distance above the rear wall thereof, as indicated in Figure 2.

When the mill is to be operated,'the hood 2 is held into position by screw clamp 5, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 3, but for purposes of inspection, etc., the hood is tipped up as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1.

The concave screen 6 is supported on brackets 7, preferably riveted to the side walls of housing 1;

A stiffening bar 8 is attached to the rear wall of housing 1, as shown in Fig. 10, and a bar 9 for a similar purpose is attached to the front wall of housing 1, as shown in Fig. 2.

A recess 10 is provided in the bottom of bar 8, into which the rear edge of screen 6 fits snugly. The front edge of this screen is flush with the top edge of bar 9, as indicated in Fig. 2. These bars, 8 and 9, and brackets 7 cooperate to hold bolt 59, which also holds the bearing for the bellcrank. At the end of arm 54, I locate a tightner sprocket 61 adjustably fastened'in slot 63 and held in correct position by bolt 62.

As the raw material is loaded on the conveyor in varying quantities, it is obvious that the upper feed roll must move upwardly to compensate for the varying volume of material passing between it and the lower roll 35. The upper roll is normally held in the lower position by springs as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 7. By scrutinizing Fig. '7, it is quite evident that chain 58 will be kept at the proper tautness regardless of the position of roll 52 which moves in slot 55.

Obviously, many changes and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of my invention. I do not, therefore, wish to be limited to the precise details of construction shown.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A hammer mill, comprising a lower and an upper housing, a secondary wall, and a hammer cylinder, said hammer cylinder having a shaft joumaled to the side walls of said lower housing, said upper housing having a cover wall comprising three flat surfaces joined together by means of abrupt transverse bends, the rear fiat surface of which is substantially horizontally positioned a distance above said lower housing, the front flat surface of which is substantially vertically positioned over and in contact with the front of said lower housing, said secondary wall at its front end having a connection to the bottom of said vertical flat surface and extending rearwardly at an ever increasing distance from said cylinder terminating a distance above the rear wall of said lower housing and a shorter distance below said horizontal surface of said cover wall and connected to the rear end thereof by means of an upwardly extending projection, said secondary wallhaving transverse connections to the center and rear fiat surfaces of said cover wall a distance removed from said abrupt transverse bends.

2. A hammer mill, comprising an upper and a lower housing, a hammer cylinder, a screen, a deflector plate, a blower fan, a blower fan connecting pipe and a valve, said hammer cylinder having a shaft journaled on the side walls of said lower housing, a suitable rough product inlet in said upper housing, said screen surrounding the bottom half of said hammer cylinder and in close proximity thereto, the ends walls of said lower housing converging to thereby form a narrow centrally positioned transverse trough, an air inlet registering with said trough in one side wall of said lower housing and an air and ground product outlet registering with said trough in the other side of said lower housing, said deflector plate positioned above said air inlet and having connections to said converging walls and said side wall to thereby provide three converging paths adapted to direct the ground product and air toward said air and ground product outlet, said blower fan connecting pipe forming a connection from said air and ground product outlet to said fan inlet, said valve positioned in said connecting pipe adjacent the inlet of said fan.

CHARLES EDWARD EVERETT.

Patented May 29, 1934 PATENTS OFFlCE METHOD FOR RETARDING THE DECAY OF FISHING TWI NE, NETS, AND ALLIED EQUIPMENT Alexander Finlayson and Phillip R. Andrews, Seattle, Wash., assignors to Sealth Corporation, Seattle, Wash a corporation of Washington No Drawing. Application October 28, 1932,

Serial No. 640,054

5 Claims.

Our present invention relates to the art of chemical preserving means for fabrics and more particularly to a method for retarding the decay of fishing twine, nets and allied equipment.

The useful life of any fish net is largely determinable from its resistance to the rotting and decaying forces which are an unavoidable contingency of its employment both in salt and in fresh waters. And since premature deterioration through the action of marine rot is the inevitable consequence of its exposure in bacteria-infested waters it is proposed to retard, by a treatment previous to its immersion, the accretion of pernicious growths upon the net and so extend its life.

For years commercial fishermen have been accustomed to dipping both old and new nets in various solutions in an attemptto inhibit the attacks of marine organisms. Tar, bluestone, creosote, a greasy mixture known as copper oleate and other bathshave been employed to some advantage. All of these methods have, however been attended by baleful consequences which, in many instances completely vitiate the benefits of these specious operations. Tarred nets are difficult and disagreeable to handle and when not in the water suffer to the point of uselessness from induration. Bluestone, being freely soluble is soon dispersed. Its avail is therefore transitory even if it did not of itself set up a slow disintegration of the net fibres Again, copper oleate, by reason of its greasy properties causes knot slipping with resultant contraction and distention of the meshes. Thus it will be seen that despite many plausible attempts only results of questionable value have been obtained.

As an improvement in the art of preserving fish nets a new method is disclosed by this invention whereby a constant generation of poisonous salts is set up within the net fibres whenever such net is exposed in a medium propitious to the growth of decay-promoting organisms. The generated salts are non-injurious to the net and the medium is, of course, the waters of oceans, lakes or rivers which also represent the natural habitat of the destructive agencies considered.

This method depends upon the principle of induced chemical reactions between a metallic element and dissolved natural salts to produce soluble poisonous compounds. The metallic element and the natural salt, though separately neutral as bactericides are toxogenic, the end products of their interreactions being poisonous compounds. As an example, we may consider copper to be the metallic element and sodium chloride, as it exists in sea water, the dissolved natural salt.

Now, metallic copper is not available in its elemental state as a poison. Indeed there are some marine animals including certain invertebrates, (as arthropods and mollusks) which are capable of utilizing copper in the haemocyanin of the blood, so that even as microscopic particles, this element must sometimes be considered salutary. Similarly, sodium chloride, so far from having noxious properties is actually wholesome, and in many cases (e. g. with the Balanoide), is necessary to existence.

Considering then, the two components, metallic copper and a 3.4 per cent solution of sodium chloride represented by' the sea, we find that the former will be slowly dissolved by the latter resulting in the formation of basic copper chlorides and oxychlorides of the order:

Due to the fact that sea Water contains traces at least of almost every known element variously combined and ionized in solution, the reactions between any metal and this natural brine are very complex. The intermediate phases of their combinations cannot therefore, be accurately stated, nor can the complete series of their end products be definitely described. It is known, however, that the major compounds, such asthe basic carbonateschlorides and the oxychlorides indicated in the above formulae are produced at a rate in excess of that of their dissociation and dispersion in the water, thus rendering any not into which metallic copper has been introduced, and also the'water in the immediate vicinity of that net, poisonous and inhibitory to marine life. Now all marine animals are permeable to the salts in solution in the sea and always tend to establish and maintain osmotic equilibrium with the water. It is therefore not necessary, for destruction, that adhering animals or bacterial organisms actually deglutate and digest the generated poisons. Any that remain in the vicinity will become saturated-by the process of osmosis. Many of the free-swimming larval parasites will in consequence be discouraged from 'intrusion by the toxic atmosphere and the unstable equilibrium in the neighborhood of the nets; other, 'andadhering forms will be destroyed by direct poisoning.

It is, of course, not necessary nor desirable that I 

